新歌剧《白毛女》中的“审美交流”问题

Aesthetic Communication in the New Opera The White Haired Girl

从理论上讲,有关审美交流及其复杂性的问题是与现代性的发生和延展过程中所产生的分裂体验联系在一起的。从马克思主义审美交流理论来看,审美交流是人们以具体的审美对象作为中介,通过符合人性的情感与审美经验系统,触及个人自身的现实存在及意义的深度交流。延安时期,新歌剧《白毛女》通过一种合作性的审美交流模式,展现了中国劳苦大众悲剧性的情感结构,重塑了可以实现的“未来”。这部歌剧在流传的过程中对当时的人民群众产生了深刻的影响,鼓舞农民自觉地投入到反封建压迫的革命斗争中,也给当下的文艺创作带来了启示:苦难的现实中,能够引发我们共鸣与交流的并非是单纯的精神享受,而是沉淀在历史深处人类赖以生存的共同意义,唯有正视它,我们才能划破现实的虚妄,洞察到可以颠倒破碎命运的崇高“未来”表征。

Theoretically speaking,complexity of aesthetic communication is associated with the split experience generated in the process of modernization.From the perspective of Marxist theory of aesthetic communication,aesthetic communication is a kind of deep communication,in which people touch and stimulate their own realistic existence and significance through emotional and aesthetic experience system in line with human nature.The intermediary of this deep communication are specific aesthetic objects.Such aesthetic communication prompts people to look through illusions of reality and move towards an achievable better future.In the Yan'an Period,the new opera The White Haired Girl illustrated the structure of tragic feeling of the poor masses in China through a cooperative aesthetic experience model,thus reshaping a future that is possible to become a reality.This opera aroused the resonance of people,encouraging farmers to devote themselves consciously to the revolutionary fight against feudal oppression.It also shed light to current literary and artistic creation:in the reality of suffering,what evokes our resonance and communication is not pure spiritual enjoyment,but the common meaning of human survival that developed along with human history.We can realize the delusion of reality,and discover representations of a sublime future that can reverse the dime fate only by facing that common meaning.