文明的对话:历史社会学在文明研究中的理论与方法

The Dialogue of Civilizations:Theory and Methodology of Historical Sociology in Civilization Studies

本文致力于现代文明间的对话。19世纪,欧洲社会科学家对其他文化产生了积极的兴趣,对文明的研究研究兴趣由此开始。欧洲人面临着不同的哲学,美学,物质文化和非西方社会的生活方式。于是出现了文明理论和文明研究。这一概念侧重于社会和文化发展的多线性,对社会和文化系统的特定类型进行识别,并强调其独特性。新文明理论的形成与欧洲中心社会发展理论的形成对立。早在20世纪末—21世纪初,唯物主义历史社会学就已成为研究各种文化,社会和文明的理论及方法论基础。唯物主义历史社会学旨在研究全球普遍化过程的辩证矛盾以及不同社会和文明对这些过程的局部反应。历史唯物主义,特别是在全球社会历史变化与文明物质基础变化的相互影响研究中,在很大程度上是现代历史社会学的理论和方法论基础。

The paper is devoted to the dialogue of modern civilizations.Interest in the study of civilizations began in the 19 th century,when European social scientists first became actively interested in other cultures.Europeans were faced with a different philosophy,aesthetics,material culture and lifestyles of non-Western societies.So there was a civilization theory and civilization studies.This concept focuses on the multilinearity of the development of society and culture,identifies certain types of social and cultural systems,and emphasizes their uniqueness.The new civilization theory was formed as the antithesis of the Eurocentric theory of social development.Already in the late20 th-early 21 st century,materialistic historical sociology became the theoretical and methodological basis for the study of various cultures,societies and civilizations.Materialistic historical sociology aims to study the dialectical contradictions of the processes of global universalization and the local reaction of different societies and civilizations to these processes.Historical materialism,specifically the interest in the study of the mutual impact of global socio-historical changes and changes in the material basis of civilizations is largely the basis of the theory and methodology of modern historical sociology.