马克思主义与教学

Marxism and Teaching

在《马克思主义与教学》一文中,詹姆逊首先历数了马克思主义的七大基本思想,并提供了三种介绍马克思的实用教材。詹姆逊认为马克思主义教师不仅要教授马克思主义的基本概念,更须清楚认识人们抵制马克思主义的原因。其次,詹姆逊对马克思主义教学面临的三个问题发表了自己的观点:一是需对马克思主义教学法的效果持长远眼光,既不能因教学未使非马克思主义者转变信仰而感到失望,也要对学生特别是工人阶级学生主动发现、选择和接受马克思主义保持信心;二是应对马克思主义教学的重要性给予历史描述,而为未来斗争建立马克思主义的知识阶层,则是今日马克思主义教学和激进知识分子的使命;三是将马克思主义课堂视为修辞劝服而非哲学阐述的领域。再次,关于马克思主义如何作用于文学教育,詹姆逊提出了历史重建与当代阐释批判的辩证反思两种策略,并以具体作家作品和批评方法为例加以说明。最后,詹姆逊呼吁为马克思主义在美国多元化的理论市场中争取话语权。

In the essay"Marxism and Teaching",Fredric Jameson listed seven basic ideas of Marxism and provided three practical approaches to introducing Marx.Jameson believes that Marxist teachers should not only teach the basic concepts of Marxism but also clearly understand the reasons why people resist Marxism.Secondly,Jameson expressed views on some issues facing Marxist teaching.The first issue is the necessity of taking a longterm perspective on the effect of Marxist pedagogy—not to be disappointed that the teaching has not changed the beliefs of non-Marxists.Rather we must maintain confidence in students,especially working-class students,and actively encourage them to discover,choose and accept Marxism.The second issue is the need to offer a historical description of the importance of Marxist teaching and its mission to prepare today’s radical intellectuals to become a Marxist intelligentsia in the struggle in the future.The third issue is that Marxist teaching should be regarded as rhetorical persuasion rather than philosophical exposition.For the third practical approach Jameson proposed two strategies for Marxism in literary education:historical reconstruction and dialectical reflection of contemporary interpretation and criticism,illustrated by examples of authors’works and critical methods.Finally,Jameson called for the endorsement of Marxism in the pluralistic theoretical market in the United States.