当代中国“小镇电影”的四种风景流变

Four Kinds of Landscape Change in Contemporary Chinese"Small-Town Movie"

小镇电影是一个与"城市电影"与"乡村电影"均不相同的概念,小镇风景也始终摇摆于乡土与都市之间,缺乏足够的自我表意。当代中国小镇电影的风景至少在四个方面出现流变:一是在空间风景上,小镇电影的风景元素从自然转向工业,又在新世纪头十年前后出现回归趋势;二是在社群风景上,小镇电影的风景元素从拒绝外向到迅速城市化,再到缺乏情感的形式回归;三是在地方风景上,小镇电影有从把地方风光视为背景,到突出风景的地方感,再到突出情感的"乡愁"表达之流变;四是在文化风景上,小镇电影的风景表意与全球化语境高度相关,出现了往回看、往外看和往细看三个阶段的流变。随着小城镇发展成为新型城镇化进程的重要任务,小镇电影的风景想象也应有更为多元的表达,小镇风景美学的独特价值也需要在多元化的影像表达中得到充分的认可。

"Small-town movie"differs from"urban movie"as well as"countryside movie"The landscape in small town has always changed along with countryside or city,whích lack sufficient representations.The changes of landscape in contemporary Chinese"small-town movie"consists four main points.Firstly,the landscape as space turned into a industrial space from a natural one,and then returned to original after 2010s.Secondly,the landscape as community showed a process when small-town once declined"going out"and then went through fast urbanization while ended with an indifference return.Thirdly,the landscape as place firstly required the viewer to read the scenery as"events take place",but soon it turned to be closely associated with the geographic expression"sense of place"and then started to stressed the emotional expression of nostalgia recently.Lastly,cultural landscape in"small-town cinema"has been closely linked with the discourse of globalization which provides three main views of"looking back""looking out"and"looking carefully"to conclude its development.Since the development of small town now playing an important role in the process of urbanization in China,there should be more diverse cinematic landscape representations in"small-town movie",through which the unique value of landscape aesthetics in small town can be fully recognized.