迈耶·夏皮罗的风格更新理论

Meyer Schapiro's Theory on the Regeneration of Style

迈耶·夏皮罗被认为是马克思主义艺术社会史研究的先驱,他认同艺术风格的发展离不开社会基础,但同时却又支持艺术的独立自由。他在艺术自律和他律之间的立场摆动长期以来都被视为是其自相矛盾之处或代表了他的立场转折。实际上,他将艺术自由这一总体性的宏观概念转化为了创作中的主体自由意志,并认为其中内含了人性的能动社会性。基于此,夏皮罗提出了由社会变迁引发艺术家自发做出补偿性的艺术表达从而形成新风格的风格更新机制,解释了法国南部前文艺复兴雕塑风格的出现以及绘画从印象派到后印象派、具象到抽象转变的原因,在形式主义的自律和意识形态的他律之外,提出了一种基于人的经验感受的风格变迁理论,沿着人文主义的理路与马克思主义艺术社会史汇合。

Meyer Schapiro has been regarded as a pioneer of Marxist social history of art.He believes that the development of style is dependent of its social base,but at mean time,he also grants the independent status of art.His swing between the autonomy and heteronomy of art has long been considered as his self-contradiction or a representation of his conversion from Marxism to liberalism.In fact,Schapiro has located the concept of"autonomy"in the free will in artistic creativity rather than in the general idea of"artistic freedom",arguing that the free will encompasses social relevance in itself.Grounded in this belief,Schapiro proposes that social change triggers the artists to convey compensatory artistic expression which often leads to a new style of art.Upon this mechanism of style regeneration,Schapiro attempts to explain the advent of the pre-Renaissance sculpture style in southern France and the development of painting from impressionism to post-impressionism,figural to abstract,composing a theory of style based on human perception and achieving the same end with Marxist art theory through the path of Humanity.