形式与历史:批评的本体阐释及其两种美学理论展开方式

Form and History:Ontological Interpretation of Criticism and Its Two Ways of Developing Aesthetic Theory

形式与历史代表了当代美学的两种视角及其理论展开方式,它们不同的理论展开方向不但影响了当代美学的发展方向,而且对批评实践具有不同的美学意义。由于概念内涵的复杂性和内容边界的模糊性,在批评的本体阐释中,形式与历史都不完全是单一的美学范畴,形式难以作为批评的绝对本体,历史批评也不完全是如所谓的文学内部研究批判的那样忽略本体乃至消解本体,形式主义批评与历史主义批评虽然具有不同的批评阐释方向,但也有殊途同归之处,在本体的层面上,它们分别为不同的美学、历史、文化与意识、形态等方面的内核,形式与历史的分流与汇合使当代批评的阐释方式更具特殊的美学意味。

Form and history represent two perspectives on contemporary aesthetics and their theoretical unfolding.Their different directions of theoretical unfolding not only influence the direction of contemporary aesthetics but also have different aesthetic implications for critical practice.Because of the complexity of conceptual connotations and the ambiguity of content boundaries,in the interpretation of the ontology of criticism,form and history are not exactly a single aesthetic category.Form is difficult to be the absolute ontology of criticism;historical criticism doesn’t ignore the ontology or even disintegrates the ontology.So,formalist criticism and historicist criticism have different approaches though different directions of criticism interpretation.On the level of ontology,they have different cores in different aspects of aesthetics,history,culture and ideology.The divergence and convergence of form and history make the interpretation of contemporary criticism a more special aesthetic meaning.