论中国现代悲剧观念研究的缘起与发展

On the Origin and Development of the Study of Chinese Modern Tragic Concept

中国现代悲剧观念研究缘起于近代以后由传统到现代的社会转折。中国早期知识分子引介了西方悲剧观念,并且运用西方悲剧观念阐释中国的审美现象,个别学者已经使用马克思主义的原理和立场解释悲剧现象。新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,中国现代悲剧观念的学术研究呈现出多重语境的变奏,分别是:沿用西方的理论与方法研究悲剧观念、解释悲剧现象;通过中国古典悲剧艺术的回溯研究阐释本民族的悲剧审美经验;对马克思主义经典作家悲剧命题的守正和延伸阐释。此外,也有一些学者肯定了马克思主义经典作家的悲剧命题,但认为这些命题当且仅当是悲剧阐释中的一种。新时代以来,中国学者以中国社会现代性转型为背景,以中国现代性审美经验为基础,以马克思主义理论为指导,借鉴当代国外现代悲剧理论资源,形成现代中国美学风格的悲剧观念,成为了中国现代悲剧观念研究新的话语范式。

The study of modern tragedy in China has its origins in the social transition from tradition to modernity in recent times.Early Chinese intellectuals in modern times introduced the Western concept of tragedy and used it to illustrate Chinese aesthetic phenomena;few experts have used Marxist principles and positions to explain tragic phenomena.After 1949,especially after the Socialist Reform,the issue of socialist tragedy was raised.Since the Reform and Opening-up Policy,the academic research on the concept of modern tragedy in China has presented multiple variations of context:the study of the concept and the interpretation of tragic phenomena by following Western theories and methods;the interpretation of the aesthetic experience of tragedy in China through the retrospective study of classical Chinese tragic art;and the extended interpretation of classical Marxist writers.Also,several researchers affirm the tragic propositions of classic Marxist writers,.but argue that these propositions should be seen as,and only are,one kind of interpretation of tragedy.Since the new era a new discourse paradigm has been formed for the study of the Chinese modern tragic concept,and Chinese scholars have taken the modern transformation of Chinese society as the background,using the aesthetic experience of Chinese modernity,guided by Marxist theory and drawing on contemporary theoretical resources.