政治与正义的审美融通:阿伦特与罗尔斯美学思想的亲缘性探析

The Aesthetic Commonality Between Politics and Justice:Analysis of the Affinity Between Arendt’s and Rawls’s Aesthetics

阿伦特与罗尔斯美学思想的主要观点经由康德的审美"介质"产生了亲缘关系,其审美、政治与伦理之间的关联性显示了当代文艺美学的"向外转"趋势。两位哲人都充分地继承和发展了康德《判断力批判》的美学思想,尤其是审美判断理论,但是基于出发点不同,两人分别以康德美学为原点发展出阿伦特式的政治美学和罗尔斯式的道德美学。罗尔斯的道德美学较阿伦特的政治美学更接近康德的美学思想。但不论是阿伦特政治美学,还是罗尔斯道德美学,其旨归都是现代条件下如何实现人的自由议题,这是两人思想的最根本的亲缘性所在。

The main ideas of Arendt’s and Rawls’s aesthetic thought are relevant through Kant’s aesthetics,whose correlation between aesthetics,politics and ethics shows the"outward turn"of contemporary literary and artistic aesthetics.Both philosophers inherited and developed the aesthetic ideas of Kant’s Critique of Judgment,especially the theory of aesthetic judgment;but based on different opinions,they developed Arendt’s political aesthetic and Rawls’s moral aesthetic.Rawls’s moral aesthetics is closer to Kant’s aesthetic ideas than Arendt’s.But despite their differences,in both Arendt’s political aesthetics and Rawls’s moral aesthetics,how to achieve human freedom under modern conditions is their most fundamental affinity.