美感—财富分配与礼乐制度阶级分析的可能性及限度

The Possibility and Limit of Class Analysis of Aesthetic Sense:Wealth Distribution and the System of Rites and Music

从马克思主义阶级分析思想来看,在礼乐制度的"天下""国""社会""家""个人"的五大体系中,"国"由于其维护美感—财富分配等级化的强力功能,阶级性最强,也最为集中。"天下"的阶级性次之,"社会""家庭""个人"的阶级性不仅急剧降低,且独立性极强。同时,"国"作为礼制又是通过一家一姓的血缘—宗法式皇权进行阶级的统治、剥削与融合的,其亲子之爱即"慈孝"作为美感的程度也随着阶级内部对美感—财富的争夺而剧烈变动。"国"用来维护阶级秩序最为可靠的途径之一是通过个体之"家"的教化获得的,尤其是通过"孝"与"忠"之间的转换来进行。礼乐制度中的"乐"在"国"的层面既是美感—财富分配极端不公的直接体现,同时也作为精神与行为控制的利器与鸦片强化了阶级剥削与压迫的天秩性。本文还进一步指出,在"国"的皇权专制系统瓦解之后,礼乐制度、礼乐美学在"天下""社会""家""个人"这四大体系仍在一定程度上保持着积极的、普遍的、持久的意义。

It can be seen from Marxists’thinking on class analysis that the system of rites and music is embodied in the imperial system in five major systems,including"World","State","Society","Family"and"Individual".Among these"State"has the strongest and most concentrated class nature due to its power in maintaining the hierarchy of aesthetic sense-wealth distribution.Class nature in"World"takes second place and reduces sharply in"Society","Family"and"Individual";which are highly independent.As a ritual system,the"State"rules,exploits and integrates thousands of families through consanguinity of patriarchal-style imperial power.To what extent the love between parents and children,namely"affection and filial piety",is regarded as a sense of aesthetic perception varies dramatically with the aesthetic sense-wealth competition within the class.For the"State",one of the most reliable methods of maintaining class order is the cultivation of the individual’s"family",especially through the transfer of"filial piety"to"loyalty".In the system of rites and music,"music"is not only the direct embodiment of the extreme unfairness in aesthetic sense-wealth distribution-but it also serves as an opiate,a weapon to control spirit and behavior,strengthening the order of class exploitation and oppression.It is further pointed out that rites and music and aesthetics in the systems of"World","Society";"Family"and"Individual"still have positive and universal significance after the collapse of the despotic system of imperial power in"State".