刑事司法视域下民族习惯的功能厘清与体系定位

Function Clarifying and System Positioning of Ethnic Customs under Criminal Judicial Vision

随着社会开明程度与司法人员裁判技艺的提升,民族习惯渐渐走入正式的刑事判决中并发挥着刑事责任的宽宥功能。民族习惯的犯罪论体系定位亟待教义学诠释,否则其责任宽宥功能的正当性无法得到说明。民族习惯不是规范的构成要件要素,亦不是开放的构成要件,无法归入构成要件阶层。民族习惯不具有法律激励或法律容许意蕴,不应归入违法性阶层。民族习惯在刑事司法中发挥的宽宥责任功能是一种确认违法事实前提下的责任宽宥,应将其归入有责性阶层,其准确的刑法体系身份是禁止错误。民族习惯的责任宽宥功能不应滥用,要审慎划定其适用范围。对于仅存在民族习惯用语或法敌对动机显著的案件,不应适用民族习惯的宽宥功能。

With the development of society and the improvement of judicial skills of judges,ethnic customs have gradually entered the formal criminal judgment and exerted the function of reducing the defendants criminal responsibility.The positioning of ethnic customs urgently needs to be interpreted by criminal law dogmatics,otherwise the legitimacy of ethnic customs’judicial function cannot be explained.Ethnic customs are not the element of constitutive requirements.Ethnic customs do not have the implication of legal incentives or legal tolerance,and should not be attributed to illegality class.The liability function played by ethnic customs in criminal justice is a kind of liability under the premise of confirming the illegal facts.It should be attributed to the responsibility class.Its accurate criminal law system identity is misinterpretation of illegality.The function of ethnic customs should not be abused,and it must be carefully delineated.For cases with apparent motivation for crime,ethnic customs should not be applied.