论习惯司法适用的程序与标准

On the Procedures and Standards of Customary Law's Judicial Application

作为司法渊源的习惯,其适用不仅可以获得理论上的说明,同时也可在实践中得到证成。对习惯司法适用的考察可从程序和标准两个方面具体展开。就程序而言,包括三方面内容,即当事人对习惯的主张、当事人对习惯的举证、法官对习惯的查明与确认。就标准而言,可分为习惯司法适用的肯定性标准和否定性标准,前者指向习惯的长期性、确定性和强制性,后者指向关于习惯的普遍争议、关于习惯的内部冲突以及习惯明显违背理性。

Custom law,as a source of judiciary,the application of which can not only be explicated in theory,but verified in judicial practice.The investigation of customary judical application unfolds from two aspects:procedures and standards.For procedures,there are three parts,namely,the claim of the party to the custom law,the proof of the custom law by the party,and the identification and confirmation of the custom law by the judges.For standards,there are positive and negative standards of custom law's judical application.The former focuses on the long-range character,certainty and compulsion of custom law,while the latter focuses on the general dispute on custom law,the internal conflict on custom law as well as the obvious violation of reason on custom law.