村民委员会职能履行的现状、困境与应对——以湖南、河北等地区6个乡镇的田野调查为样本

The Current Situation,Dilemma and Response Strategies to the Function Performance of Village s' Committee--A Field Survey of 6 Townships in Hunan and Hebei as a Sample

村民委员会是基于村民自治实践产生的特别法人,其特别法人的制度设计也应着眼于村民委员会履职实践需要。对湖南、河北、江西、河南等地区6个乡镇的田野调查结果表明村民委员会职能履行存在村民委员会社会公权力滥用与自治性淡化的困境,这是源于村民委员会政经职能混同、《村民委员会组织法》监管制度脱离实践、行政协助边界模糊,以及对基层人民政府物质依赖等综合因素的结果。应当调整、修改《村民委员会组织法》,分离村民委员会经济职能,重构村民委员会与农村集体经济组织的新型合作关系,规范其行政协助职能,完善组织制度规定,同时确立修改后的《村民委员会组织法》为村民委员会法人章程的主要内容,注重权力限制与权利保障。

The villagers'committee is a special legal person based on the practice of villagers'self-governance.The institutional design of the special legal person should also focus on the practical needs of villagers'committees in performing their duties.The results of field surveys in six townships in Hunan,Hebei,Jiangxi,and Henan regions show that there is a dilemma of abuse of social public power and dilution of autonomy of villagers'committees in the performance of their functions.This is the result of a combination of factors stemming from the mixed political and economic functions of villagers'committees,the detachment of the regulatory system of the Organic Law of Villagers'Committees from practice,the blurring of the boundaries of administrative assistance,and the reliance on the material base of the grassroots government.adjustments should be made to the Organic Law of the Villagers'Committees.Separating the economic functions of villagers'committees and building new cooperative relations between villagers'committees and rural collective economic organizations.Regulating its administrative assistance functions,improve the provisions of the organizational system.Establish the revised Organic Law of the Villagers'Committee as the main content of the corporate charter of the Villagers'Committee,focusing on power limitation and rights protection.