《民法典》实施背景下民事习惯的司法适用研究——基于592份司法裁判文书的实证分析

A study on the judicial application of civil custom under the background of the implementation of the Civil Code An empirical analysis based on 592 judicial documents

民事习惯作为制定法的重要补充法源,在实践中发挥了重要作用。通过研究《民法典》实施后中国法院适用民事习惯的592份司法裁判文书发现,相关案件呈现出地域分布不均、基层法院占比较大、婚姻家庭及继承纠纷多发等特点。司法实践中,民事习惯发挥了查明、适用和解释的功能。目前,民事习惯的司法适用仍存在内容不清、标准模糊、适用位阶有分歧及程序欠缺等问题。对于民事习惯的司法适用,未来应当进一步阐明民事习惯的内容及适用条件,由此推动统一民事习惯的检验标准,厘清民事习惯的适用位阶,完善民事习惯司法适用的程序规则,增强裁判的可接受性。

As an important supplementary source of statutory law,civil custom plays an important role in practice.After the implementation of the Civil Code,592 judicial documents on the application of civil customs by Chinese courts have been studied.The results show that the relevant cases are unevenly distributed,the grass-roots courts account for a larger proportion,and there are many disputes about marriage,family and inheritance.In judicial practice,civil custom plays the function of identification,application and interpretation.At present,there are still some problems in the judicial application of civil customs,such as unclear contents,vague standards,different application levels and lack of procedures.As to the judicial application of civil custom,the content and application conditions of civil custom should be further clarified in the future,so as to promote the unification of the test standard of civil custom and clarify the application level of civil custom,to perfect the procedure rules of civil customary judicial application and enhance the acceptability of the judgment.