少数民族习惯在民事司法中运用的调查报告——基于裁判文书的分析

An Investigation Report on the Application of Ethnic Minority Customs in Civil Justice:Based on the analysis of the judgment documents

少数民族习惯是我国少数民族在长期生产生活中形成的一套具有特色的行为准则,在民事司法实践中运用广泛。当事人和法官都会根据自己的需要在诉讼中提出少数民族习惯。在涵摄模式的视角下,法院对少数民族习惯的运用包括了建构大前提、确定小前提和弥补大小前提之间的落差。法院对当事人主动提出的少数民族习惯缺乏认可,一方面因为法官识别少数民族习惯存在困难,另一方面是法院与当事人对少数民族习惯的认知和期待存在差异。实践中法院形成了运用少数民族习惯确定司法小前提的“中国特色”,其既具有现实必然性,也具有价值合理性。法院只有抛去“卸担子”思维,实质性地适用少数民族习惯,才是对法治的负责。

Ethnic minority habits are a set of characteristic code of conduct formed by ethnic minorities in my country in the long-term production and life,and are widely used in civil judicial practice.Both parties and judges will propose the use of minority customs in the litigation according to their own needs.From the perspective of the inclusive mode,the court’s application of minority habits includes constructing the major premise,determining the minor premise,and bridging the gap between the major and minor premise.The court lacked recognition of the ethnic minority habits proposed by the parties.On the one hand,it was difficult for judges to identify ethnic minority habits.In practice,the courts have formed the"Chinese characteristics"of using minority customs to determine judicial minor premise,which is both practical and reasonable.The courts are responsible for the rule of law by discarding the thinking of"unloading the burden"and substantively applying the customs of ethnic minorities.