法律漏洞分类的反思与重构

The Reflection and Reconstruction of Legal Loopholes Classification

对法律漏洞进行分类的目的主要是为了提升立法科学性以避免漏洞产生,以及根据漏洞类型选择正确的漏洞填补方法。传统法律漏洞分类多从立法者视角出发,关注法律规范本身逻辑结构的融洽性,却忽视了法律只有在适用时才存在真实漏洞的特征,导致现有分类难以为司法实践提供有效指引。为解决这一理论与实践脱节的问题,需要从立法中心主义转向司法中心主义,通过司法者的视角,以“规范与事实的不调适状态”为标准构建漏洞类型与填补方法相关联的法律漏洞类型体系。

The main purpose of classifying legal loopholes is to improve the scientific nature of legislation to avoid the generation of loopholes,and to choose the correct method of loophole filling according to the type of loopholes.The traditional legal classification of loopholes mostly starts from the perspective of legislators,pays attention to the harmony of the logical structure of legal norms themselves,but ignores the characteristics of real loopholes only when the law is applicable,which makes it difficult for the existing classification to provide effective guidance for judicial practice.In order to solve the problem of disconnection between theory and practice,it is necessary to shift from legislative centralism to judicial centralism and construct a legal loophole system,which is based on the standard of"the state of incompatibility between norms and facts"from the perspective of the judges and prosecutors.