论习惯的生发路径

On the generation of Custom Law

习惯的生发是习惯理论的重要部分。对习惯生发的考察可从事实基础与规范基础两个角度展开。从规范基础方面看,习惯的生发路径可归结为“民众普遍同意”和“第三人确认/裁判”两类。就前者言,“同意”的对象就是关于习惯的规范性意识,“同意”的可能在于习惯对于主体需求的正当性满足,“同意”的实践则大多体现为群体对于习惯的反复协商、确认、补充和完善。就后者言,当纠纷双方把关于习惯的争议提交到他们所认可的“第三人”处要求获得解决的时候,“第三人”便拥有了对相关习惯规范的确认、适用权力,这种确认、适用本质上是一种关于习惯生发相关的“外部确认/裁判”。

The generation of custom law is an important part of the theory of custom law.The study of the generation of custom law can be carried out from two perspectives:factual basis and normative basis.From the perspective of normative basis,the generation of custom law can be classified into two categories:"general public agreement"and"third party confirmation/judgment".For the first one,the object of"agreement"is the normative awareness about the custom law,the possibility of"agreement"lies in the legitimate satisfaction of the custom law for the subject’s needs,and the practice of"agreement"is mostly reflected in the group’s repeated negotiation,confirmation,Complement and complete.For the second one,when the two parties to the dispute submit the dispute about the custom law to a"third party"recognized by them for settlement,the"third party"has the power to confirm and apply the relevant customary norms.This kind of confirmation and application is essentially an"external confirmation/judgment"related to the generation of custom law.