中国传统法文化中的鬼神报应——以古典文学为材料

The retribution of ghosts and Gods in Chinese traditional legal culture——From the perspective of classical literature

在中国古典文学大系中,隐含着士人追求的鬼神报应观念。通过文学的形式构建了一套正义的乌托邦,并塑造了一个庞大的观念结构。包括报应的主体、报应类型、报应结果等。鬼神报应是建构在文学系统中的一种非正式制度,具有民间非正式的诗性正义的特征。鬼神报应来源于民间信仰。鬼神报应揭示了理想与现实的差异,反映弱者寻求救济的正义伦理,也体现他们救济天下的普世情怀。由于鬼神报应属于正义的想象,人们实现正义的目标仍然是法律正义,从正义的乌托邦到法律正义,是一个必然的选择。但鬼神报应通过文学形式的确有助于传播一种正义观念,并影响到封建体制的政治秩序。

There is the concept of ghosts and gods retribution pursued by Shirenin the Chinese classical literature.Through the form of literature,it constructs a set of Utopia of justice and shapes a huge conceptual structure.It includes the subject,type and result of retribution.The retribution of ghosts and gods is an informal constructed in the literary system,which has the characteristics of poetic justice.The retribution of ghosts and gods comes from folk beliefs.It reveals the difference between ideal and reality,reflects the justice ethics of the weak seeking relief,and also reflects their universal feelings of relieving the TianXia.As the retribution of ghosts and gods belongs to the imagination of justice,people’s goal of achieving justice is still legal justice,and it is an inevitable choice from the Utopia of justice to legal justice.However,the retribution of ghosts and gods did help to spread a sense of justice through literature,and affected the political order of the feudal system.