对抗性法制的概念解构

Untangling the Concept of Adversarial Legalism

对抗性法制的概念已被法学、公共管理、公共政策、政治学、社会学以及法社会学学者广泛使用,但这一概念的不同使用方式引起了人们的关注,且其衍生概念牵强附会的程度也变得令人担忧。应当认为,对抗性法制有两种内涵:既有日常纠纷解决和政策制定的独特性,又有可与其他权力机构相提并论的治理结构。上述内涵的明晰有助于对其不同功能的理解以及对未来研究路径的确认。对抗性法制的应用广泛却不充分,尤其在美国和其他国家法制化、司法化和法治化重要性的研究中。

The concept of adversarial legalism has been widely used by scholars of law,public administration,public policy,political science,sociology,and Law and Society,but the varying ways in which the concept has been employed raise concerns that it has become stretched to the point of incoherence.We argue that adversarial legalism entails both a style,an everyday practice of dispute resolution and policy making with distinct attributes,and a structure of governance that can be compared to other structures of authority.Untangling these aspects of adversarial legalism allows us to make sense of its different uses and identify future avenues of inquiry.Despite its wide application,adversarial legalism is in fact underutilized,especially in studies aimed at understanding consequences of judicialization,legalization,and juridification in the United States and abroad.