环境公益与经济私益的冲突与协调——基于青海湖自然保护区的调研

The Conflict and Coordination of Environmental Public Welfare and Economic Private Benefits——Based on the Investigation of Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve

“环境就是民生”,然而,在自然保护地的生态环境保护和资源开发利用过程中,总是存在因资源开发利用造成生态环境损害,或因保护生态环境导致本土居民权益受损的环境保护与民生保障相冲突的情形,问题的根源是环境公益与保护地居民个人经济私益之间的失衡。本文以青海湖自然保护区为例,通过对青海湖自然保护区的调查研究,剖析出青海湖保护区保护利用中生态利益与经济私益失衡的症结所在,引入“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态理念,树立“环境公益与经济私益相协调”的基本原则,并提炼出重塑“实质意义”的湿地生态旅游机制、建立湿地生态补偿基金制度、完善本土居民旅游利益分享机制、构建“村委会主导”型的公众参与环保机制等协调环境公益与经济私益的法治路径。

In the process of ecological environment protection and resource development and utilization of natural protected areas,there are always cases of ecological environment damage caused by resource development and utilization,or damage to the rights and interests of local residents caused by the protection of ecological environment.The root of the problem is the conflict of interest between environmental welfare and the economic private interests of residents in protected areas.Based on the field investigation of Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve,this paper analyzes the crux of the imbalance between ecological interests and economic private interests in the protection and utilization of Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve,introduces the ecological concept of"clear water and green mountains are golden hills and silver mountains",and explains the basic connotation of the principle of coordinating environmental public welfare and economic private interests.In addition,the legal path to coordinate environmental public interest and economic private interest is proposed,such as reshaping the"essential"wetland eco-tourism system,establishing the wetland ecological compensation fund system,perfecting the tourism benefit sharing mechanism of local farmers and herdsmen,and constructing the"village-led"public participation mechanism for environmental protection.