硬性主导到“共生而治”:乡村法治的转换逻辑与路径指向

Rigid dominance to"symbiosis and governance":The transition logic and path direction of rural rule of law

软法规范的兴起及时回应公共管理的多重权威趋势,不仅为中国有效融入全球治理寻求制度依据,也为乡村治理转型提供学理支撑。作为法治建设的“一体两面”,硬法和软法各自遵循“自上而下”的规范建构和“自下而上”的内源自生两种不同的运作逻辑。在现有的国家治理体系和乡村法治架构内,软法和硬法之间形成一种“中心-外围”的构造模式。比较分析认为硬法供给的“自治型法律模式”和软法供给的“回应型法律模式”形塑出刚性治理和柔性治理两种不同的乡村治理范式。柔性治理着眼于硬性权威不能满足社会变革的治理诉求,通过非强制性手段积极培育以“公众为中心”的动态发展机制,成为软法驱动下乡村治理转型的模式选择。依据软硬协同的理念,基于“共生而治”的研究视角,从发挥农村基层党组织的政治引领功能,深化柔性治理模式的实践基础,厘清软法与硬法效力位阶和建构“共治”而生的良性机制等方面提出有效策略,旨在有效推进乡村法治转型和乡村振兴战略的实现。

The rise of soft law norms responds to the trend of multiple authorities in public management in a timely manner,which not only seeks institutional basis for China’s effective integration into global governance,but also provides academic support for the transformation of rural governance.As two sides of the rule of law construction,hard law and soft law respectively follow two different operating logics:the"top-down"normative construction and the"bottomup"internal origin.In the existing national governance system and rural legal framework,a"center-periphery"structure pattern is formed between the soft law and the hard law.The comparative analysis shows that the"autonomous legal mode"of the hard law supply and the"responsive legal mode"of the soft law supply form two different rural governance paradigms:rigid governance and flexible governance.Flexible governance focuses on the fact that hard authority cannot meet the governance demands of social reform,and actively fostering a"public-centered"dynamic development mechanism through non-mandatory means,which has become the mode choice for rural governance transformation driven by soft law.On the basis of the concept of hard and soft synergy,based on the research of"symbiosis and rule"perspective,from the political leading functions of rural grassroots party organizations,deepening the basis of the practice of flexible management mode,to clarify the soft and hard method effect and the construction of"rule"of benign mechanism put forward effective strategies,to effectively promote the rural transformation and country the realization of the strategy of rejuvenating the rule of law.