职业放贷人的识别及其现代化治理——基于演化博弈分析

The Identification and Modern Governance of Professional Lender——Base On the Evolutionary Game Analysis

《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》([2019]254号)第53条对职业放贷人的认定标准和法律后果进行了明确规定。司法实践中职业放贷人概念被滥用引发道德风险和识别标准不够明确可能影响深化金融体系改革的效果等问题不容忽视。职业放贷人的识别应当坚持实质解释原则,把握司法政策所保护的法益,借鉴商行为核心要义,坚持两个核心标准、三个辅助标准和一个反规避识别方案的具体规则。从治理能力现代化的要求和演化博弈分析来看,既要继续坚持重拳打击职业放贷人主旋律,还应遵循金融市场的内生适应性要求,尽快颁布《非存款类放贷组织条例》,培育“新型职业放贷人”,努力实现职业放贷人治理的帕累托最优,进而推动深化金融体系改革。

Article 53 of the Minutes of the National Conference on Civil and Commercial Judgement of the Courts(2019 No.254)clearly stipulates the identification standards and legal consequences of professional lenders.In judicial practice,it cannot be ignored that the misuse of the concept of professional lenders causes moral hazard and the lack of clear identification standards may affect the effect of the financial system reforms.The identification of professional lenders should adhere to the principle of substantive interpretation,grasp the legal benefits protected by judicial policies,and learn from the core connotation of business conduct,Implement specific rules of two core standards,three auxiliary standards and an anti-circumvention identification program.Judging from the requirements for modernization of governance capabilities and evolutionary game analysis,we must adhere to the main theme of severely cracking down on professional lenders,but also follow the endogenous adaptability requirements of the financial market.Promulgate the"Regulations on Non-deposit Lending Organizations"as soon as possible to cultivate"new professional lenders",efforts to achieve the Pareto optimum of professional lenders’governance,and promote the deepening of financial system reforms.