论我国农村基层治理及实现路径中的民间法作用及其限度

On the Role of Folk Law&Its Limits in Rural Grass-roots Governance and Its Realization Path in China

党的十九大报告提出,要加强农村基层基础工作,健全自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系,其背后是国家法与民间法传统如何在农村基层治理中的协调与整合问题。经过过去几十年的实践,我国农村基层自治式治理取得了很大进步,然而也存在诸多问题,这些问题与人民对美好生活的向往的需求是不相符的。其存在由诸多因素造成,其深层原因应该还与中国数千年的社会传统、社会结构以及人们的思维和行为习惯不无密切关系。而民主自治及其与之相关的理念和制度设计是源于西方的传统和思维行为习惯,更深层原因可能是我国传统民间法与源于西方传统的民间法之间的不协调。一方面,我们应当以中国问题为导向,通过倡导和践行社会主义核心价值观,加强法治中国建设等,逐渐提高农村基层自治能力和水平。从长远视角看,我们需要长期而广泛的现代化教育,使得国民素质得到提升,与基层民主制相关理念和思维行为习惯成为民众的广泛共识并得到推崇,我国的基层民主治理制度才有可能成为广大民众的普遍习惯和传统。另一方面,从理论研究视角来看,这同时也给我们进一步反思与探讨民间法自身理论变迁及其在特定时空中国中的作用和限度提供了空间。

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes that we should strengthen the basic work of rural grassroots,and improve the rural governance system combining autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue.Behind it is the coordination and integration of the national law and the folk law tradition in rural grassroots governance.After decades of practice,China’s rural grass-roots autonomous governance has made great progress,but there are also many problems.These problems are incompatible with the people’s desire for a better life.Its existence is caused by many factors.Its deep reason should also be closely related to the social tradition,social structure and people’s thinking and behavior habits of Thousands of years of China.Democratic autonomy and its related ideas and system design are derived from the western tradition and habits of thinking and behavior.The deeper reason may be the disharmony between Chinese traditional folk law and western traditional folk law.On the one hand,we should be guided by the Question of China,and gradually improve the capacity and level of rural community-level autonomy by advocating and implementing socialist core values and strengthening the construction of China under the rule of law.From a long-term perspective,we need a long-term and extensive modern education,so that the quality of the people can be improved,and the ideas and habits of thinking and behavior related to the grassroots democracy become the broad consensus and praised highly by the people.Only then can the grassroots democratic governance system of Our country become the common habits and traditions of the general public.On the other hand,from the perspective of theoretical research,it also provides space for us to further reflect and discuss the theoretical changes of folk law itself and its role and limits in a particular time and space in China.