民间环境侵害惩罚规则及对我国制定法的启示

Punishment Rules for Civil Environmental Infringement and Its Enlightenment to China's Statutory Law

民间环境侵害惩罚规则大量存在于乡民社会之中,其主要采取经济手段通过约定的方式惩戒与村民息息相关的破坏生态环境之行为。它起着制裁与遏制侵害行为、激励村民监督与抵制侵害行为的作用。相比于制定法,这些民间规则有着调整对象因地制宜、利于修复乡邻关系、节约司法资源和诉讼成本的优势。由于我国制定法存在环境惩戒力度不足、缺乏有效监督与激励机制等问题,可以考虑借鉴民间环境侵害赔偿规则引入惩罚性赔偿制度,加大对环境侵害行为的处罚力度。

Punishment rules for civil environmental infringement exist in a large number of peasant societies.They mainly adopt economic means to punish the acts of destroying the ecological environment closely related to villagers by means of agreement.It plays the role of sanctioning and curbing violations,encouraging villagers to supervise and resist violations.Compared with the statutory laws,these folk rules have the advantages of adjusting the object to local conditions,repairing the neighborhood relationship,saving judicial resources and litigation costs.Because of the shortage of environmental punishment and the lack of effective supervision and incentive mechanism,we can consider drawing lessons from the civil environmental damage compensation rules to formulate a punitive compensation system and increase the punishment of environmental violations.