商事习惯的适用与识别——基于115份裁判文书的整理分析

The Application and Identification of Commercial Customs——with Empirical Analysis of 115 Judgement Documents

商事习惯不仅是商人的行为准则,更是一项重要的司法裁判依据。《民法总则》第10条将其作为制定法之后的补充法源。实证考察显示,《民法总则》第10条以引导商事习惯的司法适用的角度观之,尚显不足。商事习惯的司法适用中同时存在着适用规则和适用内容的困境,其大大影响了司法适用的实效。从我国审判实践出发,将"习惯"作弹性解释,并使商事习惯的法源顺位先于一般民事规范,更有利于商事纠纷的解决。从长远的角度观之,商事习惯仍需在明晰商事习惯识别标准的前提下,通过商事习惯调查、司法审判和民间力量等渠道得到进一步发现和识别。

Commercial customs are not only a code of conduct businessmen relied upon,but also an important basis for judicial decisions.Article 10of the General Provisions of the Civil Law takes commercial customs as a supplementary source of law for the statutes.Through empirical investigation,it is found that Article 10of the General Provisions of the Civil Law seems insufficient in guiding the judicial application of commercial customs.There is vagueness in both the applicable rules and applicable contents during applying the commercial customs in judgments,which greatly affects the effectiveness of judicial application.In light of the judicial practice in our country,when the term“customs”is interpreted flexibly and the priority of the commercial customs is put higher than the general provisions of the civil law as a source of law,commercial disputes are generally better resolved.In the long term,it is necessary to carry out the work of further discovering and identifying the commercial customs of our country,under the premise of clarifying the standards of identifying commercial customs,by channels including commercial customs investigation,judicial judgments and civil society.