社区矫正的公众参与机制——域外经验与规律探寻

Mechanism for Public Participation in Community Correction:Foreign Experience and Regularity Exploration

社区矫正并非仅仅是"发生在社区的矫正",而是"社区参与的矫正",它在不同程度上都具有"公众参与"的特性。20世纪70年代以来,诸如社会资本、社区治理、恢复性司法等社会科学理论的发展都同时段地为社区矫正公众参与机制的发展提供了理论动力,社区矫正的公众参与实践也逐渐地同步繁荣。在域外,不管是社区自治模式、政府主导模式,还是政府社会混合模式,都是根据本国的社会历史特点而形成的,建立在本国的社会土壤之上。同时,域外社区矫正的参与主体,还呈现出多元化的特点,在社区矫正过程中扮演了不同的角色,并且参与到丰富多样的社区矫正类型之中,使到社区矫正的公众参与能够顺利运转。我们可以从社区矫正公众参与开展得比较成熟的法域中,寻找制度与实践的经验借鉴,并且对社区矫正公众参与的构建规律进行探寻,这也可以为一种公私合作型的犯罪治理模式寻找可能性。

Community correction is not only“a correction taken place in the community”but also“a correction with community participation”,which,to different extent,has the characteristic of“public participation”.Since the 1970s,the development of social science theories such as social capital,community governance,and restorative justice,has provided theoretical impetus for the progress of mechanism for public participation in community correction.Synchronously,the public participation practice of community correction has prospered gradually.Overseas,no matter autonomic community model,government supervised model,or the mixed model,they are all based on the features of native history and rooted in the local society.Meanwhile,participants in community correction in foreign country play diversified roles and take part in various types of correction activities.As a result,the mechanism for public participation in correction runs smoothly.We can learn practical institutional experiences from the legal domains in where public participation mechanism operates maturely and explore regularity of building public participation mechanism on community correction,which leads to a potential of finding apublic-private governance of crime.