中美竞争视域下拜登政府网络空间政策的调整及影响

The Biden Administration's Cyberspace Policy and Its Impact in the Background of China-U.S.Strategic Competition

特朗普政府执政时期,美国调整了一系列网络空间政策,中美网络安全对话机制停滞、美国对华互联网企业打压升级、美国在全球网络空间治理体系中的领导力相对衰落,这使得拜登政府面临复杂的网络空间形势。拜登政府对内调整人员机构,出台相关政策,维护网络安全,尝试进行虚假信息治理;对外恢复与盟友的网络安全协作,强化在网络多边治理机制中的领导地位,对包括中国在内的多国持续进行网络攻击,通过法律手段对华开展数字技术竞争,并重拾对华网络外交。拜登政府网络空间政策造成的影响在于,通过出台相关法律以及组建以价值观为依托的“技术联盟”,激化中美“战略竞争”,也加剧了网络空间国际规范的分裂,使得现有网络空间国际治理体系进一步分化。这都会引发网络空间大国日趋激烈的竞争乃至冲突,促使网络空间战略稳定的越发脆弱。前沿数字技术的研发与应用所带来的诸多新议题为两国网络空间关系的良性发展提供机遇,中美都应努力探索共识,拓展协作空间,开辟出一条趋向良性竞争乃至合作的相处之路。

Trump has made cyberspace policy adjustments during his term of office.At the same time,the China-U.S.cyberspace dialogue mechanism has stagnated,the Chinese internet enterprises in the U.S.have been suppressed and upgraded,and the U.S.leadership in the global cyberspace governance system has declined.The above factors all led the Biden administration to face severe cyberspace situations.The Biden administration adjusted relevant institutions and personnel,releasing a series of policies,protecting national cybersecurity,and trying to counter disinformation.The Biden administration strengthens its leading role in multilateral cyberspace governance mechanisms on foreign affairs,enforcing cooperation with its allies on cybersecurity,and continuing to carry out cyber-attacks against many countries,including China.Biden pays more attention to containing and competing with China on releasing regulations and acts,and his administration re-emphasizes cyber diplomacy towards China.The Biden administration's cyberspace policy adds a new field for China-U.S.strategic competition by releasing relevant regulations and forming technology allies based on so-called common values,negatively impacting bilateral relations.The international rules and norms in cyberspace will be confronted with the trend of being divided into different groups,so will the existing global cyberspace governance system.The above factors will promote competition and even conflict among big powers in cyberspace,and improve the vulnerability of cyberspace strategic stability.Many digital frontier technology issues bring opportunities for China-U.S.cyberspace relations.Both countries should strive to seek consensus,expand the field of cooperation,and explore a new path with positive competition and collaboration.