2020年美国大选与族裔政治

The 2020 U.S.Election and Racial Politics

2020年美国总统选举中,在族裔政治方面出现新特点:两党候选人在全国层面的白人选民支持率均上升,在少数族裔选民中,拜登在全国非裔的支持率低于希拉里,但是却依靠摇摆州的非裔选民支持而获胜;特朗普在全国非裔、拉美裔、亚裔选民中的支持率均高于2016年,但在摇摆州因缺乏足够的白人选民支持而败选。族裔政治仍然是总统选举中的重要议题。出现以上新特点的原因,一方面,由美国政治的种族化所致;另一方面,新冠肺炎疫情和弗洛伊德事件等偶然事件的影响,并对两党候选人产生了利弊并存的影响。此外,民主党基层组织的多年动员工作,助力拜登在摇摆州获胜。族裔政治在2020年大选中的特点反映出族裔因素对美国大选的影响并非最重要的,重要的因素在于经济地位、区域、母国来源国、移民方式、性别等。当前少数族裔人口的增加均有助于提高两党的支持率,美国政治将继续保持两党轮流执政的态势。

In the 2020 U.S.presidential election,there are new characterstics from the perspective of racial politics.Firstly,compared with the past,both Trump and Biden got more support from the white voters.Secondly,Biden got less national black voters than Hilary.However,Biden won election by black voters in swing states.Thirdly,Trump got more minorty voters than2016.But Trump lost campagin because of no enough white voters supporting him.Additionally,racial issue is very important topic in campagin.Racialization of American politics,The pandemic and Floyd incident can explain why there are some new characteristics.Besides,grassroots organizations of Demorctic Party helped Biden to win in swing states.As a result,taking 2020 campagin as an example,ethnic is not important role in campagin,while other factors,such as economic status,region,home country of origin,gender are more important.Both GOP and Demorctic Party get benefits from the increase of minorty voters.Thus,in the future,rotation of the two parties will still be normal situation of American politics.