2020年大选后美国的政党政治走向及其影响

Evolution of the U.S.Party Politics and Its Influence after the 2020 Presidential Election

备受瞩目的2020年美国大选不仅是近一个多世纪以来选民投票率最高的一次选举,而且也成为党争极其激烈、社会极端分裂的一次选举。尽管民主党总统候选人拜登击败在任总统特朗普入主白宫,同时民主党人还在国会参众两院获取了微弱政治优势,形成一党同时控制府会的"一致政府"格局,但拜登执政后仍将面临来自政党政治层面的三大结构性制约,即更趋极化的两党博弈、更趋显著的党内分化与更趋复杂的政党重组态势。上述三方面结构性制约将在很大程度上决定未来四年甚至更长周期内美国政治的走向,由此产生重要的内政、外交影响。基于此,如何有效弥合美国的社会裂痕、如何在极化与分化的政党格局中寻求平衡与共识,以及如何在新一轮政党重组的背景下更好顺应和利用历史趋势、形成有利于本党的新的政党政治格局,将是拜登政府需要应对的三项根本政治挑战。

The 2020 presidential election of the United States was one of the most divisive and conflicting elections in history.Although the Democratic candidate Joe Biden finally won this election and took office,meanwhile the Democrats began to control both chambers of the Congress,the Biden administration still has to face three main challenges from the party politics after this election:a more polarized two-party system,a more divisive inner-party structure of the Democratic Party,and two conflicting trends of party realignment.These three kinds of challenges will inevitably influence Biden’s domestic and international policy agenda.How to properly solve these problems will decide whether Biden could successfully leave his political legacies in American history.