北元赛罕山地望考——兼探“阿卜”词义与敖包祭祀演变史

A Study into the Geographic Position of "Mount Saihan"——Also Exploring the Meaning of Obug and the Evolution of the Rituals of Obuγa

明朝永乐八年(1410年),金幼孜等人曾于征途中远观“赛罕山”。据史料记载与实地考察可知,赛罕山,即今内蒙古自治区阿巴嘎旗宝格都乌拉,又被称为“阿卜”。经蒙古语复原与考析,可以确定“阿卜”是“敖包”一词更早的一种汉译形式。敖包原指高大的神山,祭祀敖包实际是祭祀神山。当今祭祀的敖包是由历史上北方民族多种祭祀文化交融而发展来的祭祀载体。

In the eighth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty(1410),Jin Youzi and others saw"Mount Saihan"at a distance during their journey.Based on historical records and field works,the author confirmed that what he was referring to by"Mount Saihan"is the present-day Boγda-aγula in Abaga Banner,also called"Obug".Through Mongolian restoration and analysis,it can be determined that"Obug"is an earlier Chinese translation of the word"Obuγa".Obuγa originally referred to a tall and holy mountain,and the worship for Obuγa originally referred to the worship for the holy mountain.The Obuγa revered today is a ritual carrier formed by the fusion of various ritual cultures of northern ethnic groups in history.