清朝新疆八旗十营对比研究

A Comparative Study of Eight Banners and Ten Camps in Xinjiang in the Qing Dynasty

乾隆朝以军府制管理新疆,以八旗作为军府武装的核心,布设东西两路六个满营,及伊犁四营,即厄鲁特营、察哈尔营、索伦营、锡伯营,共计十营。满营与伊犁四营虽同为八旗,职能相仿,但二者管理制度、生产生计的差异,形成八旗内部阶层分化,最终导致二者命运轨迹的不同。本文通过对比新疆八旗十营异同,解析新疆八旗内部差异及其影响,梳理八旗军民历史发展轨迹,进一步探讨新疆军府制的特点。

In the Qianlong Dynasty,Xinjiang was managed by the military government system.With the eight banners as the core of the military government’s armed forces,six Manchu battalions along the East-West Road and four Yili battalions,namely Olet Camp,Chakhar Camp,Solon Camp and Si be Camp,totaling ten battalions.Although Manchu Camp and the Fourth Battalion of Yili are the same eight banners and have similar functions,their differences in management system,production and livelihood form the internal stratum differentiation of the eight banners,and finally the two lead to different fate trajectories.By comparing the similarities and dissimilarities between the eight banners and ten battalions in Xinjiang,this paper analyzes the internal differences and influence of the Eight Banners in Xinjiang,combs the historical development track of the eight banners’people,and further discusses the characteristics of the military government system in Xinjiang.