《保险法》格式条款规则的完善:以《民法典》为鉴

The Perfection of the Rules of Standard Clauses in Insurance Law:Taking the Civil Code as Reference

《民法典》针对格式条款的规则进行了合理的修改,其作为市场经济的基本法,无疑可以为《保险法》中保险格式条款的规则完善提供路径上的参考。《保险法》第17条可以对说明的对象进行细化,在一般格式条款和免除保险人责任格式条款之间增设出“与对方有重大利害关系的条款”的判断维度,并且通过将免责条款解释为“直接规定免除保险人责任事项的条款”来与其他可能对投保人产生重大影响的条款进行区分,从而破除法官因无法准确厘清这两类条款而错误裁判的司法困境。同时为了充分发挥《保险法》第19条的内容规制功能,需要加入合理性这一判断标准,做到从实质上审查条款是否符合给付均衡。

The Civil Code has made reasonable amendments to the rules of standard clauses,serving as the basic law of the market economy,it undoubtedly may provide a reference for perfecting the rules of insurance standard clauses in the Insurance Law.The Article 17 of the Insurance Law may refine the explanatory object,providing another judging dimension of terms that have a major interest in the other party between the general standard clauses and the exemption from liability standard clauses of the insurer,also,Article 17 solves the judicial conundrum of misjudgment by differentiating between escape clauses interpreted as clauses that directly exempts the insurer from liability and other clauses which may have a significant impact on the insured,arising out of judges’inability to accurately clarify these two types of clauses.At the same time,in order to give full play to the regulating function of Article 19 of the Insurance Law,the judging standard of reasonableness needs to be added so as to examine whether the clauses reach the balance of benefits substantially.