我国民事诉讼既判力遮断效的制度构造

The system structure of the blocking effect of res judicata in Chinese civil litigation

民事诉讼既判力不仅是对判决公信力的表征,更是对实体权利救济和程序安定价值的重要保障,故既判力问题是民事诉讼法体系的重要部分。鉴于我国既判力理论的不完善以及相应制度的缺位,从法体系完善和法价值实现的层面考量,应当以既判力遮断效作为切入,通过对遮断效制度的构建,反哺既判力制度的体系化。就遮断效的构建而言,其应然的构造为:以终审的法庭辩论终结为标准时,并以标准时作为基点,判断既判力的遮断范围,同时以受到严格要件限定的“可期待性”规则作为补充。在遮断效制度的具体适用上,可以根据诉的分类以及权利的类型,进行场景化的展开,但皆须以程序保障兼顾实体权利救济作为具体衡量的价值基准。

Res judicata in civil procedure is not only a representation of the credibility of judgment,but also an important guarantee for the relief of substantive rights and the stable value of procedure.Therefore,res judicata is an important part of the civil procedure law system.In view of the imperfection of the theory of res judicata and the absence of the corresponding system in China,from the perspective of the perfection of the legal system and the realization of the legal value,we should take the blocking effect of res judicata as an entry point,and feedback the systematization of the res judicata system through the construction of the blocking effect system.As far as the construction of the blocking effect is concerned,it should be constructed as follows:Taking the end of the court debate as the standard time,and taking the standard time as the starting point,to judge the scope of interdiction of res judicata,and taking the“expect ability”rule limited by strict elements as the supplement.In the specific application of the system of blocking effect,we can carry out the scene development according to the classification of litigation and the types of rights,but we must take the procedural protection and the relief of substantive rights as the specific value benchmark.