公司决议撤销之诉中轻微瑕疵裁量驳回制度研究

On the system of discretionary rejection of minor defects in the action of revocation of company resolution

轻微瑕疵裁量驳回制度是公司决议撤销之诉的配套机制,即当公司决议的形成程序违反法律或者章程程序时,若该程序瑕疵不会对决议产生实质性影响,则认定其为轻微瑕疵且维持公司决议的效力。但法条未明确规定“轻微瑕疵”和“实质影响”的内容,故需要从实践中总结适用标准。召集人资格、通知程序、会议程序、表决程序四类瑕疵在司法实践中较为典型,当决议瑕疵影响到股东的知情权、参与权和表决权时,法院往往不会认定该种瑕疵为“轻微瑕疵”。为统一司法适用,有必要进一步规范“轻微瑕疵”及“实质影响”的判断标准,确立股东事前异议制度,并承认决议效力的补正,从而完善公司决议效力的裁判依据。

The system of discretionary rejection of minor defects is the supporting mechanism of the lawsuit for the cancellation of the company’s resolution,that is,when the formation process of the company’s resolution violates the law or the procedures of the articles of association,if the procedural defect will not have a substantive impact on the resolution,it will be recognized as a minor defect and maintain the effectiveness of the company’s resolution.However,the law does not specify the contents of“minor defect”and“substantial impact”,so it is necessary to summarize the applicable standards from practice.Convener qualification,notification procedure,meeting procedure and voting procedure are typical in judicial practice.When the resolution defect affects the shareholders’right to know,participation and voting rights,the court often does not recognize the defect as a“minor defect”.In order to unify the judicial application,it is necessary to further standardize the judgment criteria of“minor defect”and“substantial impact”,establish the shareholder’s prior objection system,and recognize the correction of the effectiveness of the resolution,so as to improve the judgment basis of the effectiveness of the company’s resolution.