经济法上的分权理论与地方金融监管局建设

The Theory of Decentralization in Economic Law and the Construction of Local Financial Supervision Bureau

本文试以2018年机构改革后地方金融监督管理局的设立为例,从“金融分权”出发,对比经济学与经济法各自的观察视角,在理解“金融体制”的基础上,探讨思考“一委一行两会一局+多地”的“金融监管体制”的制度定位。在此基础上,回归地方金融监督管理局的实际情况,在梳理其现实困境的基础上试给出解决方案。金融监管体制改革应当强调适度分权,强调改革中新设机构的相对独立性,处理好左右、上下关系,既发挥地方金融监管的独特优势,也通过制度设计疏导地方金融监管分权的负面效应,充分发挥中央与地方各自的应有“能力”,避免改革异化为设立叠床架屋的又一机构;在把握发展与安全的两翼中最大限度发挥并提升地方目前的现代化治理水平,使得在强监管市场领域的经济管理体制的改革有效服务于经济体制。

Taking the establishment of local financial supervision and administration bureau after the system reform in 2018 as an example,starting from the“financial decentralization”,comparing the respective observation perspectives of economics and economic law,and on the basis of understanding the“financial system”,this paper discusses the institutional positioning of the“financial supervision system”of“one committee,one bank,two committees,one bureau”.On this basis,return to the actual situation of the local financial supervision and Administration Bureau,and try to give solutions on the basis of sorting out its practical difficulties.This paper holds that the reform of financial supervision system should emphasize the appropriate decentralization,the relative independence of the newly established institutions in the reform,handle the relationship between the left and right,the upper and lower levels,not only give full play to the unique advantages of local financial supervision,but also dredge the negative effect of decentralization of local financial supervision through system design,give full play to the due“ability”of the central and local governments,and avoid the alienation of reform into overlapping In order to make the reform of economic management system in the field of strong supervision market serve the economic system effectively.