论对非国家行为体行使自卫权的正当性与合法性——以私营军事安保公司为视角

Legitimacy and Legality of Exercising the Right of Self-defense against Non-state Actors——from the perspective of private military and security company

非国家行为体的日益兴起,使国际社会不得不重新审视国际法主体的认定标准,思索非国家行为体与主权国家相比,在享有权利和履行义务方面有何异同点。遭受武力攻击的受害国,对私营军事安保公司等非国家行为体行使自卫权,其正当性基础在于国际社会追求自由和正义,世界人民普遍反对与和平相对立的一系列行为;合法性基础来源于习惯国际法以及联合国安理会为和平解决国际争端而通过的决议。根据现行条约,非国家行为体在武装冲突过程中依然需要遵守国际人道法,若违反也应承担相应的责任。主权国家要在合法使用武力的条件与范围内行使自卫权,切忌以此作为推行单边主义和强权政治的工具,威胁世界和平与国际秩序的稳定发展。

With the development of non-state actors,international community has to re-examine standards of international law subjects and identify similarities and diferences between non-state actors and sovereign states in terms of rights and obligations.Sovereign states may exercise their right of self-defense against non-state actors such as private military and security company when they suffer from force.Legitimacy lies in the pursuit of freedom and justice by international community.Moreover,people among the world tend to protect global peace generally.Legitimacy derives from customary international law and resolutions adopted by UN security council which aim to settle international disputes peacefully.According to the existing treaties,non-state actors still need to abide by international humanitarian law as well as undertake corresponding responsibilities in condition of armed conflicts.Sovereign states should exercise the right of self-defense properly and avoid transforming it into a tool of unilateralism and power politics that threaten world peace and international stable order.