机车车轮踏面与钢轨接触的仿真计算及试验研究

Simulation Calculation and Experimental Research on Contact Between Locomotive Wheel Tread and Rail

应用轮轨型面测量仪测量实际运用中的磨耗后机车车轮,基于标准与磨耗后机车车轮型面,建立轮轨接触三维有限元模型,计算分析不同横移量下的接触斑和等效应力.搭建轮轨接触试验台,使用取自现场的车轮与钢轨试块进行试验,分析不同横移量下轮轨接触状态.针对磨耗前后车轮与标准钢轨接触的有限元计算与试验进行对比分析.结果表明:横移量对轮轨接触状态有着显著的影响,横移量过大会加速机车车轮的磨耗;与标准型面相比,磨耗后车轮型面与标准钢轨接触时的接触斑面积较大,最大等效应力较小;通过轮轨接触试验台所得接触斑形状和大小与仿真计算所得结果一致性较好,证明了有限元仿真计算的可靠性.

The worn locomotive profile in the practice was measured by using the wheel and rail profile measuring instrument.And the wheel and rail contact three-dimensional finite element models were established based on the standard and worn locomotive wheel profiles to calculate and analyze the contact spot and equivalent stress with different transverse displacement.Besides,a wheel-rail contact test was built.And the wheel and rail test blocks from the field were used for the test to analyze the wheel-rail contact state with different transverse displacement.The finite element calculation and test of the contact between the standard and worn wheel and the standard rail were compared and analyzed.The conclusions were drawn that the transverse displacement had a significant influence on the contact state of the wheel and rail.Compared with the standard wheel profile,the contact spot area between the worn wheel profile and the standard rail was larger and the maximum contact equivalent stress was smaller.The shape and size of the contact spots obtained by the wheel-rail contact test were in good agreement with that obtained by the simulation calculation,which proved the validity of the finite element simulation calculation and the correctness of the experimental study.