新中国成立初期爱国卫生运动中的社会动员——以上海为考察中心

The Social Mobilization in the Patriotic Health Campaign in the Early Years of the Founding of New China:Shanghai as the Focus of Investigation

新中国成立初期爱国卫生运动是我国国家治理早期探索的重要实践,其发起带有浓厚的政治意蕴,目的是“消灭疾病、人人振奋、移风易俗、改造国家”。对于当时面临严峻公共卫生问题的超大型城市上海,此项工作的推行尤为紧迫和重要。为确保爱国卫生运动顺利开展,中国共产党发动了大规模的社会动员。通过规范有序的组织动员、自上而下的宣传动员、典型模范的示范指引以及灵活多样的策略动员,爱国卫生运动富有成效,不仅较大改变了人居环境,使人们养成良好的卫生习惯;而且降低了疫病暴发率,提高了人民健康水平;同时也使中国共产党树立了政治权威,赢得了政治认同。还原新中国成立初期中国共产党在爱国卫生运动中社会动员的主要做法和运行逻辑,在一定程度上对今天提升国家治理能力尤其是更好开展社会动员,应对重大公共卫生事件,具有重要参考价值。

The Patriotic Health Campaign was an important practice in the early days of New China’s national governance.It was initiated with a strong political connotation,with the aiming of“eradicating disease,invigorating people,changing customs and transforming the country”.The campaign was particularly urgent and important for the mega-city of Shanghai in the face of serious public health problems at the time.To ensure the smooth implementation of the Patriotic Health Campaign,the CPC launched a massive social mobilisation.Through orderly organisation,top-down publicity,exemplary models,and flexible strategies,the campaign was effective in not only transforming the living environment and enabling people to develop good hygiene habits,but also reducing the incidence of epidemics and improving people’s health.At the same time,it helped the CPC establish its political authority and gain political acknowledge.The main practices and operational logic of the CPC’s social mobilisation in the Patriotic Health Campaign in the early years of New China are,to a certain extent,an important reference for improving national governance capacity today,especially for better social mobilisation in response to major public health events.