印度共产主义力量对印度现代化道路的认识与探索

Indian Communists’ understanding and Exploration of the Path of Indian Modernization

"共产主义"是印度重要的政治力量,是印度世俗民族主义和印度教民族主义之外的"第三种存在"。在印度早期共产主义者和印度共产党马克思主义理论分析框架下,印度现代化道路呈现为"从殖民地到自由化"的历史演进叙事。20世纪初,一批觉醒的知识分子在思想上转向马克思列宁主义,不接受西方资本主义秩序和发展道路,而是试图建立社会主义制度和实现阶级关系重组。二战后,对现代化途径的认识差异,使印度共产主义运动发生分裂,印度共产党(马)在印度三个邦长期执政,开始在实践上探索具有社会主义因素的现代化道路。苏联解体尤其是2008年以来,印度共产党(马)在批判新自由主义的基础上深化了对印度现代化道路的认识,并且进一步反思自身,试图解决现实困境,实现超越式发展。

"Communism"is an important political force in India,a"third being"in addition to Indian secular and Hindu nationalism.In the Marxist theoretical framework by early communists and the Communist Party of India(CPI),the path of Indian modernization was presented as a narrative of historical evolution from colonialism to liberalization.At the beginning of the 20th century,a group of awakened intellectuals turned to Marxist-Leninist ideology,refused to accept the western capitalist order and development path,and tried to establish the socialist system and realize the reorganization of class relations.After World WarⅡ,different understanding of the path to modernization split the Indian communist movement,and the CPI,which has been in power for a long time in three Indian states,began to explore in practice a path to modernization with socialist elements.Since the collapse of the former Soviet Union,especially from 2008 on,the CPI has deepened its understanding of the path of Indian modernization based on a critique of neoliberalism.It has further reflected on itself in an attempt to resolve real dilemmas and achieve transcending development.