唯物史观的具体化:恩格斯的探索及其意义

The Concretization of Historical Materialism Materialism:Engels’ Exploration and Its Significance

《德国农民战争》是恩格斯推进唯物史观具体化的代表性著作。他从对16世纪初期德国落后的生产方式发展水平的分析入手,详细地解读了生产方式的内在矛盾在当时德国的特定语境中必然通过宗教斗争的中介形式表现出来的原因、具体形式及其发展过程。通过这种探讨,恩格斯既超越了单从宗教改革的角度来诠释德国史的传统阐释思路,又超越了小资产阶级左派历史学家仅从政治斗争的角度来诠释德国农民战争的解读思路。把生产方式的决定性与宗教、政治等要素的历史作用之间的辩证关系,放在具体的实践语境中来加以深刻的解读,是恩格斯在唯物史观具体化历程中所取得的重要成果。

"The Peasant War in Germany"is a representative work in which Engels promoted the concretization of historical materialism.Starting from the analysis of the development of the backward mode of production in Germany at the beginning of the 16 thcentury,he explained in detail the reasons why the internal contradictions of the mode of production were inevitably manifested through the intermediary form of religious struggle in the specific context of Germany at that time.Through that discussion,Engels not only surpassed the traditional interpretation of German history from the perspective of religious reform,but also surpassed the interpretation of the German peasant war from the perspective of political struggle by petty-bourgeois left historians.Putting the dialectical relationship between the decisiveness of the mode of production and the historical role of religion and politics in a specific practical context for a profound interpretation is an important achievement that Engels had made in the process of concretizing historical materialism.