试论晚清白话翻译与现代汉语的关系——以“N的V”为例

On the Relationship between Vernacular Translation in Late Qing Dynasty and Modern Chinese——Take the“N de V”as an example

官话译本《天路历程》被认为是早期欧化白话文本的典型代表之一。文章以译本中的“N的V”为例,从部分和整体两个角度对现代汉语与该译本进行了对比。结果显示,二者在N和V的构成与特征、语义关系以及“N的V”的句法功能和使用环境上都呈现高度的一致性。通过与传统白话和英语原文进行对比,发现该结构具有十分明显的欧化色彩,这为欧化白话的起点可以而且应该追溯到晚清白话翻译提供了有力的证据。文章指出,梳理晚清白话翻译中的欧化事实有助于对一些问题形成更为准确的认识;将晚清白话翻译作为研究对象,可以拓展欧化的研究范围,为构建汉语欧化史作铺垫。文章的考察结果以及其他客观事实说明,晚清白话翻译在现代汉语的形成中起了相当重要甚至是决定性的作用。

The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin is regarded as one of the typical examples of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Taking“N de V”in the translation as an example,this paper makes a comparison between modern Chinese and the translation from the perspectives of part and whole.The results show that they are highly consistent in terms of the composition and characteristics of N and V,syntactic function,usage environment and the semantic relationship between N and V.By comparing the translation with the traditional vernacular and the original English text,it is found that the structure has obvious Europeanization color,which provides strong evidence that the origin of Europeanization vernacular can and should be traced back to the late Qing vernacular translation.The paper holds that the Europeanization of vernacular translation in the late Qing Dynasty is helpful to form a more accurate understanding of some problems.Taking the late Qing vernacular translation as the research object can expand the research scope of Europeanization and pave the way for the construction of the history of Europeanization of Chinese.The results of the article's investigation and other facts show that the late Qing vernacular translation played a very important and even decisive role in the formation of modern Chinese.