民国墓志语言文字特点考察

AStudy of Linguistic Characteristics of Epitaphs in Republic of China

中华民国是近代中国政治体制、经济制度和思想文化发生巨变的时期,也是汉语史上发生重大转变的阶段。民国墓志记录的内容涵盖文白交替的重要阶段,因而其语言文字有鲜明的特点。论文通过考察近900通民国墓志,提出民国墓志具有文言与白话混用、表述直白化、引用或化用典故、用字仿古四个方面的特点。民国墓志独有的表达方式不仅是一种语言文字现象,更是一种文化现象,反映了中华民族思维和演说方式的转变。

The Republic of China is a period of great changes in politics,economy and culture of China,as well as in the history of Chinese language.The content of the epitaph in Republic of China covers the important period of the alternation of classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese,so its linguistic has distinct characteristics.Through the investigation of nearly 900 epitaphs in Republic of China,the paper concludes that there are four linguistic characteristics of the epitaph,which are the mixture usage of classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese,straightforward expression,the quotation of allusions,and the use of characters to imitate the ancient characters.The unique linguistic characteristics of the epitaph in Republic of China is not only a linguistic phenomenon,but also a cultural phenomenon,which reflects the change of thinking and speech style of the whole nation.