基于自然语料的广州人粤语代际差异研究(上)

On the Intergenerational Differences among Cantonese People in Spontaneous Speech(Part Ⅰ)

本研究基于100名广州人近44小时约63万字的粤语自然会话语料,分上下两篇描写了广州人老年、中年、青年和未成年人粤语的代际差异。发现粤语与普通话、英语发生接触,产生了语码转换、词汇借用、干扰、融合、语法变异等现象,不同年龄段的表现不一样。普通话词汇借用在各个年龄段都存在;年龄和粤-普语码转换呈负相关;未成年人的粤语受到普通话的影响较大,他们有的粤语可被认为是一种粤普混合的形式。作为粤语的传承者,未成年人的语言状况值得关注。不同语法项目的代际变异各有特点,变化有快有慢,这正是语言演变的真实表现。

This paper describes the intergenerational differences among 100 Cantonesepeople at different ages in their spontaneous speech which adds up to approximate by 44 hours and are made up of 630,000 characters.Code-switching,lexical borrowing,grammatical variation,interference and integration of Mandarin can be found in the speech due to the language contacts with Mandarin and English,but vary among people at different ages.Lexical borrowing from Mandarin occurs in all age groups.Code-switching is negatively correlated to the age.The Cantonese of the under-aged is influenced substantially by Mandarin,some of which can be regarded as hybrid of Cantonese and Mandarin.As the key transmitter of Cantonese,both language competence and performance of the under-aged deserve attention.The variation of each grammatical item bears its own features with certain speed of the on-going change,which is the manifestation of the language evolution.