时光轴里的旅游体验——历史文化街区日常生活的集体记忆表征及景观化凝视

The Space-Time Axis of Tourist Experience: The Representation and Landscape Gaze of Collective Memory regarding Everyday Life in Historical Streets

城市历史文化街区承载着地方的集体记忆,因而具有景观价值。文章以海口骑楼老街为例,在旅游体验的视角下分析与当下市民日常生活高度相融的历史文化街区集体记忆表征和景观化凝视问题,构建相关的理论模型。研究发现,历史文化街区旅游吸引力的重要来源是表征集体记忆的景观组成,焦点是当地居民有特色的日常生活,这种生活构成了旅游者对当地集体记忆的景观化凝视的重要对象。表现在:首先,表征旅游者体验的历史文化街区集体记忆的景观表征可分为地方性空间和日常性时间,两者交融成当地的惯常时空,成为旅游者体验下的"非惯常环境"。其次,历史文化街区集体记忆的景观组成在空间上有空间组织、场景组织和行动组织3类。空间组织的体验重点随着旅游者停留时间的增加,逐步从对城市氛围和街道构成要件的体验向店铺转移,表现出老店情结。最后,旅游者对历史文化街区集体记忆的体验体现出日常超越的倾向,集中反映为当下旅游体验较之过往经验的意义增量。

Historical streets in urban areas carry the collective memory of the landscape,which shows its value from the tourists perspective.The authenticity and placeness of the collective memory of a place is an important support for the tourist experience.Using the grounded theory method,this paper takes Haikou s Old Arcaded Streets as a case to analyse the landscape representation of the collective memory of these historical streets,which blends with the distinctive characteristics of the local life from the perspective of tourist experience,and tries to draw the related theoretical models.One of the important sources of tourist attractions in historical streets is their landscape composition,which can represent the local collective memory.The focus of this landscape composition is the characteristic daily life of the local residents,which constitutes the important object of the tourists landscape gaze on the local collective memory.Specifically,three conclusions can be drawn.First,the landscape representation of the collective memory of historical streets as experienced by tourists can be divided into two parts,i.e.,space with placeness and everyday time,which together constitute the local habitual space-time matrix and become an"unusual environment"in the tourist experience.Second,from the axis of space,the landscape representation of collective memory in historical streets has three organizing categories:i.e.,spatial,scene and action organization.Research into the experience of space organization is gradually shifting from urban atmosphere and street element experience to store experience,which especially reflects tourists interest on old store named"old store complex".Meanwhile,from the axis of time,the landscape can be divided into continuous,anchoring and reproduced landscapes through their richness of meaning.From reproduced to continuous landscapes,their meanings are increasing.The tourists gaze on the local habitual space-time matrix observes the characteristics of spatio-temporal landscapes.Many daily spots or objects,such as old restaurants or Qiong Opera,differ from the tourists usual environment because of their spatio-temporal placeness,i.e.,they are placed together with traces of the past.In this way,the local habitual space-time becomes an unusual environment for tourists.Third,the tourist experience in the historical streets in relation to the landscape representation of the collective memory is their experience of the local daily life,which shows the tendency of everyday transcendence in the experience.This transcendence is manifested in the tourists landscape gaze on the placeness and daily quality of the exotic local residents habitual life.The manifestation of local and daily characteristics is concentrated and shown in the increase in the meaning of tourist experience compared with the meaning of the past.The practical enlightenment of the above conclusions is that the focus of the tourist experience of the value of historical streets should be its daily life landscape based on the local history and culture,which is simultaneously the key to distinguishing live historical streets from other streets.Therefore,when producing cultural tourism landscapes in historical streets,it is necessary to closely follow the local context to protect important landscapes that can represent the local collective memory and allow the local peoples daily life to continue within the basic framework of their history,tradition and culture.