舒适移民型乡村绅士化空间格局及其形成机制——以广西巴马盘阳河流域为例

The Spatial Pattern and Formation Mechanism of Amenity Migration-based Rural Gentrification: A Case Study of Panyang River Basin of Bama in Guangxi

舒适移民驱动的乡村社会空间变迁的过程,是乡村绅士化的一种衍生类型——舒适移民型乡村绅士化。文章基于对广西巴马盘阳河流域的田野调查,构建舒适移民型乡村绅士化指标体系,采用ArcGIS核密度估计和热点分析方法,解析舒适移民型乡村绅士化发展的空间格局及其形成机制。研究结果表明:(1)巴马盘阳河流域舒适移民型乡村绅士化水平存在明显的地理空间分异,具有显著的"核心-边缘""上密下疏"的核密度特征和"上热下冷中多元"的冷热点集聚特征。(2)乡村舒适性资源环境、微区位条件、舒适移民需求、舒适移民资本、乡村社区参与、商业资本运作与地方政府治理等因素,影响舒适移民聚居生活空间分布、舒适移民聚居空间发展历程、舒适移民社区类型分化以及绅士化发展路径分异,共塑巴马盘阳河流域舒适移民型乡村绅士化空间格局。提出以"兼顾东道主社区生计发展和舒适移民美好生活空间建设""核心带动边缘、热点带动冷点"的空间发展思路,统筹协调多类绅士化和谐发展,培育"共享共建、共生共荣"的舒适移民型乡村绅士化发展格局。以此丰富和深化乡村绅士化类型体系和微观地域乡村绅士化研究。

Seasonal migration from urban to rural parts of China driven by leisure consumption and lifestyles is expanding in terms of people numbers,scale,and regions;it endows rural gentrification with new connotations and characteristics.The phenomenon of social space change in rural areas driven by amenity migration can be defined as a derivative type of rural gentrification:amenity migrationbased rural gentrification.This paper is a case study of the Panyang river basin,Bama county,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region based on field investigations and a literature analysis.This study constructs an index system of amenity migration-based rural gentrification by examining spatial patterns;it investigates the formation mechanism of such gentrification by synthetically applying the methods of kernel density estimation and hotspot analysis of ArcGIS data.The following results were obtained.(1)Urban populations that aspire to more amenity and better lives move to rural areas rich in natural resources,cultural resources,or leisure facilities for seasonal tourism and long-term living.That leads to rural social space reconstruction,which is a type of amenity migration–based rural gentrification.The semantic connotations and boundaries of the latter concept comprise three aspects:the character of amenity migrants;the lifestyles of those migrants;and gentrified rural social space.(2)Amenity migration-based rural gentrification indicators(AMB-RGI)in the Panyang river basin show obvious geographic differentiation at the micro-scale.The nuclear density distribution characteristics showed obvious core-edge features;they were dense upstream but sparse downstream.The cold-and hot-spot clustering characteristics were hot upstream,cold downstream,and diverse midstream.(3)Such factors as rural amenity resources,micro-location conditions,amenity migrant demands and capital,rural community participation,commercial capital operations,and local governance affected the distribution of the migrants’living space.Those factors also modified the development of amenity migrants’living space,the differentiation of community types among such migrants,and the rural gentrification path.Together,those factors jointly shaped the spatial patterns of amenity migrationbased rural gentrification in the Bama Panyang River Basin of Bama county.The distribution of the migrants’living space affected the spatial patterns of the AMB-RGI.The development of the amenity migrants’living space shaped the imbalanced development of the AMB-RGI spatial patterns.The differentiation of migrant community types underscored the imbalanced development of the spatial patterns of the AMB-RGI.Differentiation of rural gentrification led to the observed trends in the AMBRGI spatial patterns.(4)This study arrives at the following developmental suggestions.It is necessary to consider the livelihoods of the host communities as well as good living space for amenity migrants.Toward harmonious development of various types of gentrification,the core areas drive the edge areas;the hotspot areas drive the cold-spot areas.With regard to AMB-RGI spatial pattern,it is important to promote shared,constructive,and prosperous symbiosis.