试析两周随葬马车明器化

西周时期随着拆车葬的出现,一部分实用性车马器开始出现明器化,如辖、軎、衔、镳等。东周随葬马车明器现象更普遍,具体表现为配以非实用车马器、木构件纤细无法承重、车体局部彩绘、非实用性礼仪装饰以及马车的模型化。时空范围上,西周时期,王畿地区贵族偏好使用明器车马器,晋国出现车体彩绘的明器马车,春秋中期以后马车明器现象扩展至齐、燕、赵、秦、楚等国。使用明器马车随葬的地域和阶层逐渐扩大与丧葬改革、礼制松弛关系密切。

With the chariot to be disassembled to bury in tombs during the Western Zhou dynasty,some bronze horseand-chariot equipment,such as xia,wei,xian,biao,began to be made specially for burial.This practice became more common in the Eastern Zhou:scale models replaced the indeed chariots,parts of the chariots were painted,and wooden parts were too slim to bear weight.In the Western Zhou dynasty,nobles in the the capital area were often buried with mingqi chariots,while in the Jin state,painted minbgqi chariots were began to used as grave goods.By the middle Spring and Autumn period,This practice expanded to the Qi,Yan,Zhao,Qin and Chu states.The expansion of this practice in area and social class was closely connected with the burial reform and the loose of ritual.