乡村数字化何以缓解农村家庭多维相对贫困?

How Can Rural Digitalization Alleviate Multidimensional Relative Poverty of Rural Households?

中国已基本消除绝对贫困,缓解相对贫困成为乡村振兴战略亟待解决的难题。文章以乡村数字化发展为嵌入点,分析对多维相对贫困治理的内在机理,结合实证方法剖析乡村数字化减贫的影响效果、作用机制、差异表征与空间效应。结果发现:(1)乡村数字化可显著缓解农村家庭多维相对贫困,影响效应为-0.13。(2)乡村数字化可通过提升家庭非农就业水平和社会融入度减轻自身贫困程度,两者的中介效应分别为16%和24%。(3)在未接受政府补助、贫困程度较高以及从事非林业生产的家庭中,数字减贫能发挥较大功效。(4)我国各地区农村贫困程度存在显著的省际空间自相关,乡村数字化发展会缓解本省份和临近省份的农村家庭多维相对贫困,具有空间溢出效应。基于可行能力理论,文章从促进就业和融入度两方面揭示数字减贫的内在机理,运用空间杜宾模型探讨乡村数字化减贫的地区空间溢出效应,并从家庭是否进行林业生产活动等角度分析数字减贫的差异表征,丰富现有减贫研究方法与视角,为巩固脱贫攻坚成果提供新思路。文章得出政策启示:培育农户新型职业,完善农村公共服务体系;广泛设立农村就业岗位,建设数字化社交平台,强调物质经济援助与激发自主能力并重;积极培育林区第三产业,加强林区设施建设与金融投入,促进贫困问题跨区域协作解决。

China has basically eliminated absolute poverty.Alleviating relative poverty has become an urgent problem in the rural revitalization strategy.This paper took rural digital development as the embedding point,analyzed its internal mechanism of multidimensional relative poverty governance,and combined empirical methods to analyze the impact,mechanism,difference characterization and spatial effect of rural digital poverty reduction.The results showed that:(1)Rural digitalization could significantly alleviate multidimensional relative poverty of rural households,with an impact effect of-0.13.(2)Rural digitalization could reduce poverty degree by improving the level of non-agricultural employment and social integration of households,with the mediating effect of 16%and 24%,respectively.(3)Digital poverty reduction was more effective among households that had not received government subsidies,had higher levels of poverty,and were engaged in non-forestry production.(4)There was a significant inter-provincial spatial autocorrelation in rural poverty degree in China.Rural digital development would alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households in the province and neighboring provinces,with spatial spillover effect.Based on the feasible capacity theory,this paper revealed the internal mechanism of digital poverty reduction from the two aspects of employment promotion and integration degree,used the spatial Durbin model to explore the regional spatial spillover effect of rural digital poverty reduction,and analyzed the difference characterization of digital poverty reduction from the perspective of whether households carried out forestry production activities,so as to enrich the existing poverty reduction research methods and perspectives,and provided a new vision for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.This paper gave policy implications as follows:Cultivate the new occupation of farmers and improve the rural public service system.Create a wide range of rural jobs,build digital social platforms,and emphasize both material economic assistance and the stimulation of autonomy.Actively cultivate the tertiary industry in forest areas,strengthen the construction of forest facilities and financial investment,and promote cross-regional cooperation to solve the problem of poverty.