自然保护区与农户生计抉择:基于风险感知视角

Nature Reserves and Farmers'Livelihood Choices:Based on Risk Perception Perspective

自然保护区农户生计抉择对推动保护区可持续发展、建设生态宜居的美丽乡村、改善农户生活有着重要的意义。文章以辽宁省6个自然保护区周边980个农户生计抉择微观调查数据为研究对象,运用Mixed Logit模型,实证探究自然保护区政策对周边农户生计抉择的影响,并进一步分析保护区周边农户风险感知在自然保护区对农户生计抉择中的作用机制。结果表明:(1)自然保护区政策使得周边农户由务农主导型向务工主导型和创业主导型转变,影响系数分别为1.22、1.42,稳健性检验结果验证了这一结论;(2)自然保护区通过影响周边农户风险感知间接影响农户生计抉择;(3)相对于省级自然保护区,国家级自然保护区对周边农户非农生计抉择影响更明显;(4)相较于男性户主,自然保护区对女性户主的非农生计抉择影响更明显。文章基于可持续生计理论和风险感知理论,构建了“自然保护区-风险感知-农户生计抉择”的分析框架,丰富了自然保护区对周边农户生计抉择的作用机理,为协调保护区与周边社区可持续发展提供了新路径。基于研究结论,提出政策启示:一是应完善自然保护区周边基础设施建设,加快推进生态服务产业发展。二是鼓励保护区周边社区农户参与生态旅游等非农产业,转变农户靠山吃山的传统观念。三是加强自然保护区的管理,形成良好的自然保护区管理体系。

The livelihood choices of farmers in nature reserves are of great significance for promoting sustainable development,building beautiful ecological and livable countryside,and improving the lives of farmers.The paper took the micro survey data of 980 farmers around 6 nature reserves in Liaoning Province as the research object,used the Mixed Logit model to empirically explore the impact of nature reserve policies on the livelihood choices of surrounding farmers,and further analyzed the mechanism of risk perception of farmers around nature reserves in their livelihood choices.The results showed that:(1)The policy of nature reserves had led to the transformation of surrounding farmers from agriculture dominated to work-oriented and entrepreneurship dominated,with impact coefficients of 1.22 and 1.42,respectively.The robustness test results confirmed this conclusion.(2)Nature reserves indirectly affected the livelihood choices of farmers by influencing their risk perception in the surrounding areas.(3)Compared with provincial nature reserves,national nature reserves had a more significant impact on the non-agricultural livelihood choices of surrounding farmers.(4)Compared with male heads of households,nature reserves had a more significant impact on the non-agricultural livelihood choices of female heads of households.Based on the theories of sustainable livelihoods and risk perception,the paper constructed an analytical framework of"nature reserves-risk perception-farmer livelihood choices".It enriched the mechanism of the role of nature reserves in the livelihood choices of surrounding farmers and provided a new path for coordinating the sustainable development of nature reserves and surrounding communities.Based on research findings,some policy implications were proposed:Firstly,to improve the infrastructure construction around nature reserves and accelerate the development of ecological service industries.Secondly,to encourage farmers in the surrounding communities of the protected area to participate in non-agricultural industries such as ecotourism,and to transform the traditional concept of farmers relying on mountains for livelihood.Thirdly,to strengthen the management of nature reserves and form a good management system for nature reserves.