异质性人力资本对农户经济林经营行为的影响——基于退耕还林政策调节效应的分析

Influence of Heterogeneous Human Capital on Farmers'Economic Forest Management Behavior——Based on the Analysis of the Adjustment Effect of Returning Farmland to Forest Policy

经济林兼具生态效益和经济效益,是我国生态建设、环境保护和乡村振兴中不可或缺的重要组成部分。文章结合农户个人禀赋和退耕还林政策两个方面,研究在农村劳动力迁移背景下人力资本与农户经济林经营行为的关系。基于2018-2019年在陕西省和四川省的实地调研数据,采用条件混合过程方法探究人力资本对农户经济林经营决策的影响及其作用机理。研究结果显示:(1)农户人力资本能够促进农户参与经济林经营,并呈现出倒U型的特点,拐点为7.98年。(2)退耕还林政策具有显著的正向调节作用,人力资本水平越高调节效果越强,参与退耕还林的农户拐点为9.18年,高于未参与农户的6.29年。(3)农户参与非农就业的收入效应较弱,替代效应并不显著,退耕还林政策在一定程度上弥补了该功能的缺失。人力资本对农户经济林种植具有促进作用,但是内生动力不足,因此现阶段我国农村经济林发展仍需政策引导。基于上述研究结论,本文给出政策启示:一是重视林业专业技术培训,加强人力资本对经济林产业的促进作用;二是加强政策引导作用,通过模范带动的方式,促进人力和资金投入经济林产业;三是增强市场服务和农机普及,以降低劳动力流失的影响。

Economic forest has both ecological and economic benefits,and it is an important component of China's ecological construction,environment protection and rural revitalization.Combined farmers'personal endowments with the policy of returning farmland to forest,the relationship between human capital and farmers'economic forest management behavior was analyzed in the background of rural labor migration.Based on the field survey data in Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces in 2018-2019,a conditional mixed process approach was used to explore the influence of human capital on farmers'economic forest management decisions and its mechanism of action.The research results showed that:First,farmers'human capital could promote their participation in economic forest management and showed a inverted U-shape trend,with a turning point of 7.98 years.Second,the policy of returning farmland to forests had a significant positive regulating effect,and the higher the level of human capital,the stronger the regulatory effect.The turning point for farmers who participated in the policy was 9.18 years,which was higher than 6.29 years for those who didn't participate.Third,the income effect of farmers participating in non-agricultural employment was weak,and the substitution effect was not significant.The policy of returning farmland to forests partially compensated for this functional deficiency.Human capital played a promoting role in the economic forest planting by farmers,but its endogenous motivation was insufficient.Therefore,policy guidance was still needed for the development of economic forests in China's rural areas at the current stage.Based on the research conclusions and discussions,this article proposed the following policy inspirations:First,to attach importance to professional forestry technical training,as general forms of human capital have a relatively weak promoting effect on the economic forest industry.Second,to strengthen policy guidance,and consider promoting human and capital investment in the economic forest industry through demonstration-led approaches.Third,to enhance market services and promote the popularization of agricultural machinery to reduce the impact of labor outflow.