四川省森林康养基地空间结构及其影响因素分析

Analysis on Spatial Structure and Influencing Factors of Forest Health and Wellness Bases in Sichuan Province

在森林康养产业快速发展的背景下,研究森林康养基地的空间结构以及影响因素对优化森林康养资源要素空间配置具有重要的理论意义与实践价值。文章通过引入时间维度纵向分析视角,运用最邻近指数、不均衡指数、核密度分析、地理探测器等方法,对2017-2021年四川省森林康养基地空间结构及影响因素进行动态分析,构建区域森林康养基地系统分析框架,利用地理探测器从单因子影响与双因子影响两个方面分析空间结构变化的作用机理。结果显示:四川省森林康养基地5个时间段最邻近指数均小于1,总体空间分布类型为凝聚型,各年份可观测平均距离和期望平均距离从8339.76米缩小至6312.48米,聚集效应不断增强,并形成多核心分布形态。核密度演变显示空间结构由点、团分布逐渐向带、集群分布转变,最终形成C字型核密度结构。因子探测可得路网密度(q=3.64)是空间结构首要的单因子影响因素,其次是森林面积(q=3.33)、人口密度(q=3.11)、人均地区生产总值(q=3.02);交互探测可得,任意两个指标交互后对研究对象空间结构的影响均强于单个指标的作用,森林康养基地空间结构是森林康养需求人群、目的地经营管理者、基地康养能力共同作用的结果。基于研究结论,文章提出根据人口密度合理规划森林康养基地规模、区域间适时开展森林康养合作等政策启示。

Under the background of the rapid development of forest health and wellness industry, it is of great theoretical and practical value to study the spatial structure of forest health and wellness base and its influencing factors for optimizing the spatial allocation of forest health and wellness resources. Through introducing the longitudinal analysis perspective of time dimension, the spatial structure and influencing factors of provincial forest health and wellness bases in Sichuan Province during 2017-2021 were dynamicly analyzed by using nearest proximity index, unbalance index, nuclear density analysis and geographic detector, etc., the analysis framework of regional forest health and wellness base system was constructed, and the mechanism of spatial structure change was analyzed from the aspects of single factor influence and double factors influence by using geographic detector. The results showed that the nearest proximity index was less than 1 in the five time periods of the forest health and wellness bases in the study area, and the overall spatial distribution type was condensed. The average observable distance and expected average distance per year decreased from 8339.76 m to 6312.48 m, the aggregation effect was continuously enhanced, and a multi-core distribution pattern was formed. The evolution of kernel density showed that the spatial structure gradually changed from point and cluster distribution to band and cluster distribution, and finally formed a C shaped kernel density structure. Forest area(q=3.40)was the primary single factor influencing spatial structure, followed by forest area(q=3.33),population density(q=3.11) and GDP per capita(q=3.02). It could be seen from the interactive detection that the interaction effect of any two indicators on the spatial structure of the research object was stronger than that of a single index. The spatial structure of provincial forest health and wellness bases was the result of the joint action of forest health demand group, destination management and health ability of base. Based on the research conclusion, some policy enlightenments were put forward, such as planning the scale of forest health and wellness base reasonably according to the population density and carrying out timely forest health care cooperation among regions.