古汉语动词和形容词活用为名词的探讨

A Discussion on Conversion from Verb,Adjective to Noun——on the Identification Criterion of Word Conversion

从当前关于词类活用的定义看,判断动词、形容词是否活用为名词,需要从语境维度、自由维度、功能维度和语义维度做综合考察。一般来说,判定动词、形容词是否活用为名词,要与动词、形容词因自身具有指称功能而充当主语、宾语和中心语的用法区别开来,不能无原则地扩大或缩小动词、形容词活用为名词的认定范围。此外,要将形容词活用为名词与借代修辞手法区别开来。

By the current definition of word conversion,the verb,adjective being converted to noun needs a comprehensive survey from the context,freedom,function and semanteme dimension.Generally speaking,identifying whether a verb,or an adjective is converted to a noun must be distinguished from the fact that a verb or an adjective can be used as a subject,object and centre word due to its referential functions.The identification scope of the conversion from a verb,an adjective to a noun can not be unprincipledly enlarged,neither can it on the contrary.What’s more,the conversion from an adjective to a noun must be distinguished from metonymy in rhetoric.